Primary and Secondary Sources

If you were writing a paper on Julius Caesar, which of the following would be considered primary sources, contemporary secondary sources (=contemporary with Caesar), and modern secondary sources?

PS=primary source
CSS=contemporary secondary source
MSS=modern secondary source
N=None of the above (explain at the bottom of the page)

____   1.  Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars.

____   2.  Julius Caesar; a political biography by J. P. V. D. Balsdon (1967).

____   3.  Gelzer, Matthias, 1886-1974. Caesar: politician and statesman. Translated by Peter Needham.

____   4.  Plutarch. Plutarch's Lives of Themistocles, Pericles, Aristides, Alcibiades, and Coriolanus, Demosthenes, and Cicero, Caesar and Antony in the translation called Dryden's / corrected and revised by Arthur Hugh Clough, with introductions, and notes.

____   5.  William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar.

____   6.  Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero : with his treatises on friendship and old age / translated by E.S. Shuckburg.

____   7.  Gruen, Erich S. The Roman Republic.

____   8.  The Oxford illustrated history of the Roman world, edited by John Boardman, Jasper Griffin, Oswyn Murray.

____   9.  Rome, edited by William G. Sinnigen (volume 3 of Sources in Western Civilization).

____   10.  Colleen McCullough (author of The Thorn Birds), Fortune’s Favorite (historical novel).

 After each source, give your rating:

****      =Best

***        =Acceptable

**         =Marginally acceptable

*           =Unacceptable